@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00010365,
 author = {Yokoyama, Saichiro and Koshio, Shunsuke and Takakura, Natsuko and Oshida, Kyoichi and Ishikawa, Manabu and Gallardo-Cigarroa, Francisco J. and Catacutan, Mae R. and Teshima, Shin-ichi},
 journal = {Aquaculture},
 month = {},
 note = {Lactoferrin (LF), which is known as a functional glycoprotein originated from mammalian fluid, was orally administrated to juvenile orange spotted grouper (initial wt = 3.0 g) to investigate its effects on growth response, mucus secretion, tolerance to air exposure and response in heat shock protein under low salinity condition. Test diets containing four different concentrations of LF (0, 400, 800 and 1200 mg LF / kg diet) were fed to the juvenile groupers for 30 days. At the termination of feeding trial, amounts of secreted mucus on body surface were measured, while fish were exposed to the air for 60 min to examine the recovery from respiratory distress condition. Furthermore, fish were exposed to low salinity (3.5 ppt) seawater for 0 and 6 h, respectively. After low salinity seawater exposure, the quantitative levels of heat shock protein 70 family (HSP70s) in branchial lamellae were measured. Dietary LF did not affect growth rate of this species under the condition applied in this study. Mucus secretion significantly increased in all LF supplemented groups compared to that in LF-free group. Recovery rate from air exposure stress test increased with increasing dietary LF level. Under the low salinity exposure, significantly higher levels of HSP70s were detected in 800 and 1200 mg LF supplemented groups than that in LF-free group in both 0 and 6 h exposure. These results demonstrated that dietary LF enhances tolerance to air exposure stress and low salinity stress together with increasing the level of HSP70s in branchial lamellae of orange spotted grouper juvenile.},
 pages = {507--513},
 title = {Effect of dietary bovine lactoferrin on growth response, tolerance to air exposure and low salinity stress conditions in orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides},
 volume = {255},
 year = {2006}
}