@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00010426,
 author = {REIMER, James D. and ONO, Shusuke and TSUKAHARA, Junzo},
 journal = {南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers},
 month = {2016-10-28},
 note = {Despite much progress, many questions regarding coral bleaching in cnidarians are still unanswered. One specific phenomenon that has received little attention thus far is the variability and change in zooxanthellae body types due to environmental changes. Our previous studies have shown that zooxanthellae are strongly affected by abnormal light and especially, abnormally high seawater temperatures. However, all previous research has been conducted in the lab, with samples from only one site. Confirmation of these hypotheses in the field from multiple sites would go a long way in helping solidify our previous theories, and shed light on other aspects of the cnidarian-zooxanthellae symbiosis.
To accomplish this samples of the encrusting anemone Zoanthus pacificus were collected each month from four field sites (Kokubu-Wakamiko (K), Sakurajima-Hakamagoshi (S), Yakushima-Kurio (Y), and Amami-Oshima-Kasari (A)). Immediately after sampling, endosymbiotic zooxanthellae
were isolated from each sample and examined under a microscope using a hemocytometer, 
and classified by body type. % cover transect data was also collected. Initial (15 month results) show that the sites can be divided into Northern (K and S) and Southern (Y and A) Groups. The Northern Group shows little decrease in NZ during summer, but a significant drop in NZ during the winter months while the Southern Group displays an NZ decrease in hot summer months, and either no drop (A) or a slight drop (Y) in NZ during winter. (A) shows no drop in NZ ratios during winter, and (Y) shows a decrease in NZ (although not as dramatic as K or S). These results indicate that seawater minimum and maximum temperatures approach 17℃ and 30℃, respectively, based on temperature readings taken from the field sites. This is supported by the transect data, which shows a marked decrease in % Zoanthus cover over winter at Y but not at A. Additionally, Zoanthus appears to be able to withstand short-term (up to 6 hours) intertidal temperatures ranging from 13℃ to 37℃., SECTION TWO: PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY: Report 1},
 pages = {23--29},
 title = {EVIDENCE OF SEASONAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATIONS IN ZOANTHUS PACIFICUS AND ITS ENDOSYMBIOTIC ZOOXANTHELLAE DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS},
 volume = {38},
 year = {}
}