@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00011129,
 author = {Yamao, Masahiro},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {南太平洋研究, South Pacific Study},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {The purpose of the argument which follows is to analyze the peculiar characteristics of development of policies for cooperatives up to 1968.
The Thai autocratical governments had long exerted efforts to expand cooperative systems throughout the country. Under the first and second Phibun administrations, vigorous efforts were made to establish small-scale credit cooperatives. Notably, there was need for a racialistic approach to expanding the cooperatives. The ideology of cooperatives was applied not only to the process of nation-building, but also to the anti-Chinese campaigns. Rather than economic organs, cooperatives were political units. In the 1960s, the Sarit's authority reconsidered thoroughly the policies for the promotion of cooperatives. The majority of small-scale credit cooperatives had not yet achieved their initial objectives; they became dormant bodies which were unable to provide any favorable services to members. A pressing need for revolutionary changes in agricultural technology urged governments to abolish the ill-suited cooperative systems. A transitional stage, at which a variety of trials were made to increase agricultural productivity and diversify crop production, occurred during the 1960s. The production credit cooperative was regarded the most appropriate model. This provided incentives to amend cooperative laws in 1968. At this point, cooperatives were to be transformed from organizations with paternalistic natures into those with economic ones. By passing through these transitional stages, cooperative began to develop in the 1970s. This study is an introductory part of a project which will focus on the peculiar characteristics of cooperative development from the 1970s onwards in Thailand.},
 pages = {183--210},
 title = {Cooperative Movement in Thailand : Towards the Establishment of Cooperatives Society Act in 1968},
 volume = {13},
 year = {1993}
}