{"created":"2023-07-25T08:11:07.461926+00:00","id":11241,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"bdd0b373-975a-4cc9-a0db-193190bef6d0"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"11241","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"11241"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00011241","sets":["228:257:5544"]},"author_link":["109359","5580","109360"],"item_7_alternative_title_18":{"attribute_name":"別言語のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"Subsistence Agriculture in Melanesia"}]},"item_7_alternative_title_19":{"attribute_name":"タイトルよみ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"メラネシア ノ ジキュウ ノウギョウ"}]},"item_7_biblio_info_5":{"attribute_name":"収録雑誌名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicPageEnd":"86","bibliographicPageStart":"79","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"24","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"南太平洋海域調査研究報告=Occasional papers"}]}]},"item_7_date_6":{"attribute_name":"作成日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"1994-03-25"}]},"item_7_description_4":{"attribute_name":"要約(Abstract)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The inhabitants in Melanesia which contains the largest island of the tropics, New\nGuinea, and other larger ones than those in Polynesia and Micronesia, seem more active for agricultural production than in the other regions mentioned above. When we analyze the structure of the agricultural\nsystem in Melanesia, it is convenient, just as in the cases of most developing countries in the tropics, to divide it into two sectors, i.e., commercial agriculture and subsistence production. Most of the\nresearchers engaged in the various aspects of subsistence agriculture in Melanesia, which is very often called horticulture conventionally by Westerners, agree on the view that the staple foods of the majority\nof the inhabitants there have been Colocasia taros and yams since very old times. In some areas, however, the people have been ingesting mostly sago starch or bananas including plantains. Besides\nthese crops, other fruits, such as coconuts and bread fruits, have also been very frequently consumed by Melanesians as well as Polynesians and Micronesians. Talking about the present situation of subsistence\nagriculture or horticulture in many regions of Melanesia, we cannot disregard the great and growing importance of sweet potato and cassava as the inhabitants' basic sources of food energy. Of these two crops, in some regions, the former has been maintaining the position of staple food from an old or\nrelatively recent time. For example, according to the popular view, more than 300 years have already elapsed since the primary food in the New Guinean Highlands changed from taros and/or yams to sweet potatoes. The data on the basis of FAO sources in the first half of the 1980's elucidated that the leading country for the per capita production of sweet potatoes (193Kg/year) was the Solomon Islands. In that\ncountry, however, it was not a very ancient date but around 1960 that sweet potato was considered to become the crop for the staple food of most people there. This is endorsed by many reports having been\npublished since the 1950's. The major and direct reason for the change of the primary crop in the Solomon Islands was the spread, throughout that country, of pathogenic blight-producing fungi and of a beetle pest both of which are specific to taros. In addition to this dilect reason, however, the following circumstances are considered to have certainly related to the preceding change :","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"The penetration and completion of the British governing system which was combined with the permeation of Christianity had become effective in calming down the bloody conflicts between ethnic groups or hamlets and had removed the people's necessity for living in the mountainous areas to seclude\nthemselves from their enemies. As a consequence of such Pax Britannica, since the 1930's, the majority of inland villagers began to move to seek after an easier life in coastal zones to which many mission\ncentres of some Christian sects attracted them by various kinds of benevolent aid which respective missionary groups offered. As predicted logically and naturally from such population movement in an\nisland, the population density in a considerable number of coastal zones was much increased and the fallow periods for most swiddens there were distinctively shortened, even though the average value of\npopulation density of the whole of an island increased only slightly. It is said that, to obtain a satisfactory yield of taros or yams, a long fallow period for more than 10-15 years is desirable. When the fallow period for those crops has been shortened to less years than the desirable period, undesirable results leading finally to a marked decrease in the yield and a severe deterioration in the quality of those\ncrops will follow in many cases. On the other hand, sweet potatoes were usually found to be much less affected in this regard than both taros and yams even where the fallow periods were reduced to less than\n10 years. Furthermore, attention ought to be paid to the fact that, generally speaking, sweet potatoes provide, of all the food crops in the world, the highest value of land productivity measured in energy\nunits. In addition to the patchy distribution of the population, the rate of increase of the population in all\nthe Solomon Islands jumped up after 1960. This also accelerated the reduction of the fallow periods of the swiddens in that country. It is also notable that the swiddening management for the production of\nsweet potatoes is much easier and less laborious than for that of taros or yams. Summarizing these respects stated above, sweet potatoes are surely superior to taros or yams concerning labor productivity\nand security in the sense that the farmers rarely lack their subsistence requirements. This is probably the prime reason why the cultivation of sweet potatoes has become immensely and widely popular in the\nSolomon Islands from the 1950's. The change of the staple food of the inhabitants there needed a trigger such as the spread of pest and blight but was, however, basically due to changes of social circumstances.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_7_full_name_2":{"attribute_name":"著者よみ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}],"names":[{"name":"ナカノ, カズタカ"}]}]},"item_7_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"別言語の著者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}],"names":[{"name":"NAKANO, Kazutaka"}]}]},"item_7_publisher_23":{"attribute_name":"公開者・出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"鹿児島大学"}]},"item_7_relation_32":{"attribute_name":"関連（relation）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16790"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16791"}]},{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16793"}]}]},"item_7_relation_33":{"attribute_name":"関連（isVersionOf）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isVersionOf","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16789","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_7_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"02892707","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_7_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"NII書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN1013531X","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_7_subject_15":{"attribute_name":"NDC","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"610","subitem_subject_scheme":"NDC"}]},"item_7_text_24":{"attribute_name":"公開者よみ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"カゴシマ ダイガク"}]},"item_7_text_25":{"attribute_name":"公開者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"Kagoshima University"}]},"item_7_text_44":{"attribute_name":"備考","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"『熱帯研究』 (日本熱帯生態学会発行) 第3巻第1号, p79-86(1994)から再録 // Reprinted with permission from TROPICS Vol.3, no.1, p.79-86, 1994 // 標題紙: http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16789, まえがき: http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16790, 本文: http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16791, http://hdl.handle.net/10232/16793"}]},"item_7_version_type_14":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"中野, 和敬"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{},{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-10-31"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"AN1013531X_v24_p79-86.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.3 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"AN1013531X_v24_p79-86.pdf","url":"https://ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/record/11241/files/AN1013531X_v24_p79-86.pdf"},"version_id":"1acdb757-c745-4b33-a165-803c278f60d1"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"subsistence agriculture","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"swidden","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"tuber crops","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"population increase","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Melanesia","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"自給農業","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"焼き畑","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"いも作物","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"人口増加","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"メラネシア","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"メラネシアの自給農業","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"メラネシアの自給農業"}]},"item_type_id":"7","owner":"3","path":["95","5544"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2015-05-01"},"publish_date":"2015-05-01","publish_status":"0","recid":"11241","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["メラネシアの自給農業"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":3},"updated":"2024-02-26T00:38:29.370071+00:00"}