{"created":"2023-07-25T08:14:48.494492+00:00","id":15960,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"2f78630c-c5e6-4757-88e0-b4d930c356db"},"_deposit":{"created_by":18,"id":"15960","owners":[18],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"15960"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00015960","sets":["228:5899:6029","31:5903:5904"]},"author_link":["139896"],"item_7_biblio_info_5":{"attribute_name":"収録雑誌名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2022-03","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"46","bibliographicPageStart":"31","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"5","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"鹿児島大学総合教育機構紀要","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_7_date_6":{"attribute_name":"作成日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"2022-03","subitem_date_issued_type":"Issued"}]},"item_7_description_4":{"attribute_name":"要約(Abstract)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"【はじめに】災害時の避難所では、COVID-19対策を考慮した定員（収容可能人員）設定の根拠や、避難所の混雑具合の定義が曖昧な場合が多い。本研究では避難所レイアウトに基づき、避難者の空間的配置を検討し、身体的距離を確保できる①定員、②定員の簡易的算出方法、③避難所の混み具合等を考察する。\n【方法】鹿児島市指定避難所である鹿児島大学第二体育館について、設計図から間取図を作成し、鹿児島県「避難所管理運営マニュアル～新型コロナウイルス感染症対策指針～（第3版）」に基づき、施設内で個人専有区画を設定できる場所で一人当たり4 m2、通路幅1 m を基準に定員を見積もった。また、心理的距離も考慮した簡易シミュレーションで、収容人数の増加に伴う「入所者が入る個人占有区画間の距離（≒身体的距離）」の最短値の変化について空間的に検討した。\n【結果】①鹿児島大学第二体育館の定員は、鹿児島市「収容可能人数（コロナ対応）」515人であったが、スフィア・プロジェクト提示の国際基準よりゆとりを持たせた「個人占有区画を一人当たり4 m2、通路幅1 m」の基準で大ホールと卓球場で設定すると140人となる。また、大便器数8基で、1便器当たり10～20人の使用では、定員80～160人が妥当である。一方、定員を超える場合も想定したレイアウト変更案として、個人占有区画を一人当たり2 m2、通路幅1 m の基準とすると、第二体育館では210人の定員となる。②他施設のデータも加えて、個人占有区画設定可能場所の面積とそこで設けられる定員の関係を求めた。一人当たり4 m2、通路幅1 m の基準での定員は、個人専有区画設定場所の面積（m2）に約0.1を乗じた値となる。③収容人数の増加に伴う「入所者が入る個人占有区画間の距離（≒身体的距離）」の最短値の変化についての簡易シミュレーション結果では、定員の約50％超で個人占有区画間距離の最短値が1 m となる。この場合、区画の中での入所者の位置によっては身体的距離2 m を維持できない可能性がある。\n【考察】①本研究が示したレイアウトに基づく定員140人と便器数に基づく定員80～160人とでは大きな齟齬がなく、140人定員でストレスが少ない避難生活が可能と考えられる。ただし、女性が多い場合等には、簡易トイレ設置、隣接施設のトイレ開放等が必要である。また、個人占有区画一人当たり2 m2、通路幅1 m の基準が身体的距離1 m を確保できるレイアウトであり、定員210人より入所者を増やす必要がある場合には、調整空間等に個人占有区画を設ける必要がある。このレイアウトについても、避難所管理者では準備しておくべきであろう。なお、限られた1例ではあるが、鹿児島市「収容可能人数（コロナ対応）」は、避難所運営の実態に即さない人数であることが示された。定員設定の基準を明示し、全施設の定員を検証するべきである。②ある空間に小さな一定枠の空間を当てはめていく場合、「ある空間」の面積と「一定枠の空間」の個数とに、強い相関関係が生じる。一人当たり4 m2、通路幅1 m の基準での定員が個人専有区画設定場所の面積（m2）に約0.1を乗じた値となることは、避難所定員の簡易的設定方法の一つとして応用できる。③収容人数の増加に伴う「入所者が入る個人占有区画間の距離（≒身体的距離）」の最短値の変化に注目すると、定員の約50％超が感染対策上で意味ある空間的状態となることが分かる。避難所の混雑の基準については、管理上の基準を提示している場合が多いが、このような感染症対策にかかわる空間分析を考慮するべきであろう。\n【おわりに】本研究では避難所レイアウトに基づき、空間的人員配置を検討し、身体的距離を確保できる①定員、②定員の簡易的算出方法、③避難所の混み具合等を考察した。本研究で提示した考え方は、本学の避難所運営マニュアルの基礎資料として活用可能であり、他施設についても応用できる。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Other"},{"subitem_description":"[Introduction] At municipality-designated evacuation centers for disasters, the standards for setting the capacity in consideration of COVID-19 measures and the definition of the congestion level are often ambiguous. In this study, we will discuss spatial placement of evacuees based on the layout of evacuation centers, and consider (1) capacity, (2) simple calculation method of capacity, and (3) congestion of evacuation centers that can secure physical distance.\n[Method] In Kagoshima University's Second Gymnasium, which is a designated evacuation center by Kagoshima City, the capacity was estimated based on 4 m2 per person and 1 m of passage width in a place where private occupied compartments can be set on the layout in the facility, in accordance with the Kagoshima Prefecture \"Evacuation Center Management and Operation Manual ― Guidelines for Countermeasures against COVID-19 ― (3rd Edition)\". In addition, in a simple simulation that also considered the psychological distance, the change in the shortest value of the \"distance between privately occupied compartments where residents enter (≒ physical distance) \" was spatially examined as the number of people accommodated increased.\n[Results] (1) The capacity of the Kagoshima University's Second Gymnasium was 515 people according to the COVID-19-adjusted standard of Kagoshima City. But it is estimated 140 people is a better number for the large hall and the table tennis court where space is available to set individual compartments, by the criteria of \"one individual compartment of 4 m2 per person, with a passage width 1 m\" which is more space than the international standard presented by the Sphere Handbook 2018. In addition, when considering 10 to 20 people will be using one toilet, the number of toilets in the Second Gymnasium is 8, so the capacity of 80 to 160 is appropriate. A second layout change plan that assumes the capacity will be exceeded, with the standard of one individual compartment of 2 m2 per person and a passage width of 1 m, calculates the capacity of the Second Gymnasium at 210 people. (2) By considering data of other facilities, the relationship between the area that can be occupied by individual compartments and the capacity set-up can be obtained. The capacity based on the standard of 4 m2 per person and 1 m of passage width is the value obtained by multiplying the area (m2) of the individual compartment setting area by about 0.1. (3) According to the simple simulation results of the change in the shortest value of \"distance between individual compartments (≒ physical distance) \" due to the increase in the number of people accommodated, the shortest value of the distance between individual compartments is 1 m when more than about 50 % of the capacity is achieved. In this case, it may not be possible to maintain a physical distance of 2 m depending on the position of the residents in the compartment.\n[Discussion] (1) There is no big discrepancy between the capacity of 140 people based on the layout and the capacity of 80 to 160 people based on the number of toilets shown in this study. It is thus considered that evacuation life with less stress is possible with a capacity of about 140 people. However, depending on the case, for example when there are many women, it may be necessary to install simple toilets or open access to toilets in an adjacent facility. The layout of the standard of 2 m2 per person and 1 m of passage width can secure a physical distance of 1 m. If it is necessary to increase the number of residents above the capacity of 210 people, individual compartments should be provided in the adjustment space, etc. The evacuation center manager should be prepared for this layout as well. Although this is a limited example, the COVID-19-adjusted standard of Kagoshima City in the Gymnasium is not in line with the actual situation of evacuation center management. Criteria for capacity setting should be clearly stated, and the capacity of all facilities should be verified in Kagoshima City. (2) When applying a small fixed frame space to a certain space, there is a strong correlation between the area of \"the certain space\" and the number of \"fixed frame spaces\". Therefore, the fact that the capacity based on the standard of one individual compartment 4 m2 per person and 1 m of passage width is the value obtained by multiplying the area (m2) of the private space setting area by about 0.1 is the basis for the simple calculation method for the capacity of evacuation centers. (3) Focusing on the change in the shortest value of the \"distance between individual compartments (≒ physical distance)\" due to the increase in the number of evacuees accommodated, more than 50 % of the capacity is a meaningful spatial state for infection control. Management criteria are often presented as criteria for congestion in evacuation centers, but spatial analysis related to infectious disease control should also be considered.\n[Conclusion] In this study, based on the evacuation center layout, spatial placement of evacuees was examined, and (1) capacity, (2) simple calculation method of capacity, and (3) congestion of the evacuation center were considered. This research can be used as a basic resource for evacuation center management manuals of other facilities too.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_7_publisher_23":{"attribute_name":"公開者・出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"鹿児島大学","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"},{"subitem_publisher":"Kagoshima University","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_7_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"NII書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA12821280","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_7_subject_15":{"attribute_name":"NDC","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"360","subitem_subject_scheme":"NDC"}]},"item_7_version_type_14":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"岩船, 昌起","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"IWAFUNE, Masaki","creatorNameLang":"en"},{"creatorName":"イワフネ, マサキ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2022-03-17"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"AA12821280_5_p31-46.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.6 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"AA12821280_5_p31-46","objectType":"fulltext","url":"https://ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/record/15960/files/AA12821280_5_p31-46.pdf"},"version_id":"27817720-9c68-4fe8-ab11-495685466eac"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"避難所","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"定員","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"身体的距離","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"新型コロナウイルス感染症","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"鹿児島大学","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"evacuation center","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"capacity","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"physical distancing","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"COVID-19","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Kagoshima university","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"避難所としての鹿児島大学第二体育館の空間評価 : レイアウトに基づく定員設定と混み具合の考察","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"避難所としての鹿児島大学第二体育館の空間評価 : レイアウトに基づく定員設定と混み具合の考察","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Spatial Evaluation of Kagoshima University Second Gymnasium as an Evacuation Center : Consideration of capacity setting and congestion situation based on layout","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"7","owner":"18","path":["6029","5904"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2022-03-17"},"publish_date":"2022-03-17","publish_status":"0","recid":"15960","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["避難所としての鹿児島大学第二体育館の空間評価 : レイアウトに基づく定員設定と混み具合の考察"],"weko_creator_id":"18","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2024-04-24T02:55:32.845002+00:00"}