@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00002521,
 author = {KATAYAMA, Tadao C.},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {南海研紀要},
 month = {2016-10-27},
 note = {中尾佐助教授退官記念号, During the period from June to July in 1981, the writer was sent to Indonesia for
research on agricultural practices. The conditions of rice cultivation in East Java, especially in Madura Island, are briefly reported in this paper in 3 parts, i.e., morphological characteristics of rice grain, statistical data and rice cultivation methods. The
findings are summarized as follows:
Morphological characteristics: Twenty-nine strains collected were divided into two
groups, i.e., B type (10.3%) and C type (89.7%). It was noticeable that strains showing
4 red and 1 black grains were found. Though these strains are not the dominant ones
in the whole Indonesia in comparison with the white grains, they are carefully and
consistently kept by the farmers. This is one of the reservation of history., Average values of length, ratios of length to width and of length to thickness of
East Java were ascertained as larger than that of the whole of Indonesia. Materials
collected at SAWAH TAMBAK showed the very large intra-population's variations.
Statistical aspects: Seven prefectures in East Java were divided into 4 groups based
on the cropping systems. Upland and direct sowing methods were seen as representative
of Madura prefecture, and rice products had the first share of 12 main crop kinds in
6 prefectures except Madura. There were no fine differences in total rice products
between the 4 districts of Madura. However, direct sowing had a larger portion in
Sampang district than for the whole of Madura., In view of the annual fluctuations during 1963 to 1979, paddy rice and maize were
said to be constantly cultivated in comparison with other crops, and showed relatively
small variations. In other words, farmers attached importance to paddy rice and maize.
Considerations: Discussions were extensively made on rice cultivation from the view-point of alternation of strains, soil and topographical features, reclamations, mixed
strains, irrigation systems, change of crop and the relation of rice and fish cultures.
Five serious problmes connected with the change from primitive to advanced strains
were extensively discussed. Though the major strains were clearly changed by the
green revolution, the minor strains were not changed but were firmly reserved., It was noteworthy as a reclamation-technique that waste land near Kwanyar was
regenerated into arable land, and rice and upland crops were cultivated in lower and
upper sections. Hydrographic settlements have a long history in these areas and are
under construction in many places. Moreover, in areas having no irrigation systems,
small ponds had a very important role for the cultivation not only of rice but also of
several upland crop kinds.
Rice cultivation is a often connected with fish culture, and there were 3 main
types of combinations. In these areas, some of the characteristics of rice varieties and
of techniques were ascertained.},
 pages = {99--115},
 title = {Some Aspects on Rice Cultivation in East Java, Indonesia, especially on Madura Island},
 volume = {3},
 year = {}
}