@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00003204,
 author = {Iwamoto, Hiromitsu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {南太平洋研究, South Pacific Study},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Japanese policies toward nan’y����o (the South Seas) developed rapidly in the inter-war period (1919-1940). After
the invasion in China in the early 1930s, trade-oriented nanshin (southward advancement) policies gradually
gained aggressiveness, as the military began to influence making foreign policies. Behind this change, nanshin-ron
(southward advancement theory) advocates provided ideological justification for the Japanese territorial expansion
in the South Seas. In these circumstances, Japanese settlers in Papua and New Guinea were put in a peculiar
position: the emergence of militaristic Japan probably stimulated their patriotism but it also endangered their
presence because they were in the colony of Australia－the nation that traditionally feared invasion from the north.
However, as the Australian government continued to restrict Japanese migration, numerically their presence
became marginal. But, unproportional to their population, economically they prospered and consolidated their
status as ’masters’(although not quite equal to their white counterparts) in the Australian colonial apparatus. In this
paper, I shall analyse how this unique presence of the Japanese settlers developed, examining its relations with the
Japanese expansion in the South Seas and the Australian policies that tried to counter the expansion.},
 pages = {29--81},
 title = {Japanese Southward Expansion in the South Seas and its Relations with Japanese Settlers in Papua and New Guinea, 1919-1940},
 volume = {17},
 year = {1996}
}