@article{oai:ir.kagoshima-u.ac.jp:00008161,
 author = {Yamao, Masahiro},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {南太平洋研究, South Pacific Study},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {The cooperative movement in Southeast Asia has already passed through a long history. However, the membership of agricultural cooperatives still consists of a small portion of all farmers. Economic
functions of cooperatives are partial, not affecting all aspects of the production and distribution activities of farmers. They are likely to regard cooperatives as formal organizations regulated by the government
agencies involved. The incentives to form of cooperatives usually come from the central authority of government. But, changeable government attitudes towards cooperatives have caused serious confusion into their organization and management. During the 1970s to the 1980s, policy for cooperatives seems to have been in a chaotic state. This is mainly because the policy had to diversify its social and economic objectives along with agrarian differentiation.
The recent ideal of cooperative policies places a greater emphasis on agricultural development and business efficiency. Governments do not always regard cooperatives as cost-effective. They tend to
review the economic rationale of the private sectors in agricultural development. Privatization affects negatively the promotion of cooperatives. There is increasing disagreement over what the role of
agricultural cooperatives should be in agricultural development.},
 pages = {119--136},
 title = {Political Economy of Agricultural Cooperatives in Southeast Asia},
 volume = {14},
 year = {1993}
}